USB File Recovery: How to Recover Data from A Flash Drive or Pen Drive

💡 This article is written by humans, with all solutions and steps verified.

A USB drive, also known as a pen drive or thumb drive, is one of the most widely used portable storage devices nowadays. As a result, many users rely on it to store important documents, photos, and videos. However, a single accidental click can cause you to lose some or even all of these files. Thankfully, there are many ways to recover deleted files from a USB drive, whether you are using Windows or Mac.

This article will introduce these methods one by one. We’re sure that at least one of them will help you get data back. In addition, we will explain why deleted files can be recovered and what precautions you should take.

Table of contents
Where Do Deleted Files from the USB Stick Go? Can They Be Recovered?
Must Dos and Mustn't Dos Before Performing USB File Recovery
Best Software to Recover Files from a USB Drive
More Data Recovery Software for USB Drive Options
What to Do When Software Solutions Don’t Work?
Conclusion
FAQs

Where Do Deleted Files from the USB Stick Go? Can They Be Recovered?

Many people might be wondering where exactly these deleted files go. Can they be retrieved? The answer lies in making clear the underlying storage logic of flash drives.

Simply put, when you save a file to a USB drive, the operating system writes its actual data to an unoccupied physical sector. Simultaneously, it will also add a new index entry in the File Allocation Table(FAT), which records detailed information about this file, such as its name, size, and the physical sector locations where the data is stored, for quick searching and reading.

Conversely, when you delete a file on the flash drive, the system will only remove its entry from the FAT and mark the sectors storing its data as "available." Therefore, the file's actual data is still intact, but because the index entry is gone, the file is no longer visible to you.

As mentioned above, since we now know that files deleted from a USB drive are not actually erased, they can be recovered. Fortunately, professional data recovery software can bypass invalidated index records, directly scan the raw data in the flash memory sectors, and reassemble the complete accessible file to achieve recovery.

Note: If you use an erase tool to delete files from a flash drive, it will not only remove the index records but also overwrite the sectors where the original file data was stored with "0" or random characters. This means that they will be permanently destroyed and cannot be restored.

Must Dos and Mustn't Dos Before Performing USB File Recovery

Before explaining how to recover deleted files from a flash drive, we would like to provide you with some important tips that are guaranteed to have a positive impact on the recovery process:

Things You Must Do:

When you find that some files are missing from your USB drive, the first thing you should do is to check whether you have backups or some system settings. Perhaps this allows you to find them quickly.

  1. Think carefully about whether you backed up the files using Windows File History or macOS Time Machine before they were deleted. If you had done that, here's a guide for recovering deleted files on the USB drives with File History or Time Machine. Additionally, if you have previously transferred them to cloud storage, you may be able to find copies there.
  2. Sometimes, incorrect settings can cause files on a USB drive to become hidden, making you mistakenly think that they have been deleted. To check it, first open the directory where the missing files were previously stored, then follow the steps below according to your operating system. The files may reappear in a semi-transparent state.
    In Windows: Click "View" > "Show" in the menu at the top of the window, then check "Show Hidden items." Here are more ways to show hidden files.
    On Mac: Press "Command + Shift + ."
  3. (For Mac users only) If you deleted some files on a flash drive after connecting it to your computer, you may be able to see them in the Trash. If they are there, select the files you need, then right-click and choose "Put Back” to resave them to their original location.

Mustn’t Dos:

Once you confirm that files on your USB drive have been lost due to deletion, your actions after the incident can significantly impact the chances of successful recovery. Therefore, you should never perform the following operations:

  1. Please immediately stop all write operations on this USB drive, such as creating documents, copying files, or downloading materials. In addition, you can temporarily securely remove it from your computer to prevent the system from automatically writing content in the background. Because once new data is saved to the sector where the deleted files are located, the chance of restoring them is almost zero.
  2. Do not perform operations such as formatting or disk checking on the flash or pen drive. This may generate system logs and temporary files, which can indirectly overwrite the remaining lost data.
  3. Do not save the recovered deleted files back to the original USB drive. If you do, the write operation may occupy sectors that were not originally overwritten, which may damage other unrecovered files.

Best Software to Recover Files from a USB Drive

As mentioned above, to recover deleted files from a thumb drive, you need a suitable data recovery software program. We recommend you try iBeesoft Data Recovery first. Here are the reasons why we recommend it.

Best USB File Recovery Software
★★★★★ (Trust Score 4.7 by 1695 Users)
Supports all major file systems, such as FAT, exFAT, NTFS, APFS, HFS, and even RAW USB drives.
Supports all major file systems, such as FAT, exFAT, NTFS, APFS, HFS, and even RAW USB drives.
In addition to accidental deletion, it can also easily recover data lost due to formatting, lost partitions, virus infections, damaged USB drives, and other causes.
A simple and clear interface that can undelete or unformat a flash drive in just three steps.
Most importantly, it not only offers multiple scanning modes but also includes a built-in file repair feature that can automatically identify and reconstruct damaged files during the scanning process.

How to to recover deleted files from a flash drive in Windows 10/11:

  1. First, click the download button above to get the latest version of iBeesoft Data Recovery for Windows PC, and install it on your computer's internal disk or partition.
  2. Next, connect your USB drive to the computer and make sure it is detected as an external drive.
  3. Launch iBeesoft Data Recovery. The USB drive should appear in the list of available devices. Hover over the flash drive where it is displayed, then click the "Scan" button that appears. The program will automatically run all scanning modes in sequence. You will see a progress bar showing the scan status, with options to pause or stop the process.
  4. Once the scan is complete, browse through the recoverable files and select the deleted files you want to restore. To make it easier for you to find them, iBeesoft Data Recovery will place them in the "Deleted Files" folder in the sidebar. If you do not find them there, you can check the "Other Lost Files" folder.
  5. Last, click the "Recover" button in the lower-right corner of the page, then select a location in the pop-up dialog box to save the files that were previously deleted from your flash drive.

Steps to recover deleted files from a USB drive on Mac:

  1. Download iBeesoft Data Recovery for Mac, then install it like any other application. Double-click its DMG file and drag the icon to the "Applications" folder.
  2. Connect the USB drive from where the data was lost to your Mac and launch iBeesoft Data Recovery. Here, you will need to enter your computer login password to grant authorization.
  3. Select the drive you want to scan from the list of available disks, then click "Search for Lost Data."
  4. Please wait patiently while iBeesoft Data Recovery completes the scan of the USB drive. Once the process is finished, all recoverable files will be organized into folders by category. After locating the deleted files you need, click the checkbox on the left side of each file to select them.
  5. Click the "Recover" button and follow the recommendations to choose a directory where you want to save the recovered files.

More Data Recovery Software for USB Drive Options

Sure, though iBeesoft Data Recovery is comprehensive and powerful, other software programs can help you recover lost files on a flash drive. In the following, we introduce 6 popular options, hoping you'll find one that suits your needs.

1. Disk Drill

Disk Drill is a well-known data recovery program that can help you recover over 400 files in different formats on USB drives. According to its official information, it works in almost all data-loss scenarios. Our tests confirmed this claim. However, unfortunately, some recovered files lost their original names.

What we like most about Disk Drill is its unique "Data Protection" feature, which can monitor specific files and folders in real time to prevent accidental deletion in the future. Although the Disk Drill lifetime license version has increased in price, we still think it's well worth using, considering the features it offers.

2. EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard

For those who accidentally delete files, the EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard is an extremely easy-to-use and effective tool. Whether you are using Windows or macOS, you can find a corresponding version.

During the scan, we found that this application briefly becomes unresponsive when your USB drive has bad sectors. However, we can forgive this minor flaw in EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard, as it ultimately recovered all the data.

3. Stellar Data Recovery

There are many USB drive recovery software programs available on the market, but only a few are as comprehensive as Stellar Data Recovery. It has been available for more than 30 years, and its file-explorer-like interface makes it intuitive and user-friendly for most users.

The biggest advantage of Stellar Data Recovery is its ability to customize the types of files to recover. Compared with Disk Drill and EaseUS, the scanning speed is relatively slow, but the recovery result is the best.

4. R-Studio

When it comes to USB file recovery, we have always believed that R-Studio is one of the most powerful tools on the market. It offers multiple versions, and its technical-oriented interface makes it more appealing to advanced users and enterprise users.

In our tests, R-Studio found more files than any other tool. Therefore, if you cannot recover deleted files with other software, give R-Studio a try.

5. Recuva

Recovering deleted files from a USB drive with Recuva is straightforward, making it accessible to anyone. It provides a wizard-based interface that guides you through the entire process step by step. Although it also offers a deep scan option, it did not recover all the data on our test drive.

Compared with other tools on the list, Recuva is lightweight and offers relatively basic functionality. If you only need to handle simple data loss situations, it is worth trying.

6. PhotoRec

Although the text-based user interface makes it difficult to use, PhotoRec's performance is excellent compared with many paid software solutions. You can quickly and freely recover files from flash drives without installing it.

Our only complaint is that it does not allow you to preview files before recovery, which other programs offer. However, considering that PhotoRec is open-source software, we are willing to accept this drawback.

What to Do When Software Solutions Don’t Work?

Generally, the software solutions mentioned above can help you recover data from a USB drive in good physical condition. However, they may not work effectively in certain situations, especially when NAND flash chips overheat or the device shows signs of physical damage. In these cases, seeking help from professional data recovery services is the better choice.

Technicians use specialized equipment to remove the NAND flash chips from the USB drive, then professional tools to extract the data. Although such services can be expensive, we believe they are worthwhile if the lost files are extremely important and cannot be recreated in a short period of time. It’s simple to get their help. You only need to search for a local data recovery service provider online.

Summary

We hope this article has helped you understand what happens and what to do after files are deleted from a USB drive. In most cases, the final result largely depends on the actions you take afterward. As long as you follow our tips, we think you can successfully recover deleted files from your USB drive in Windows 11/10 or Mac.

Lastly, to prevent data loss from happening again, we suggest you back up files using the computer's built-in tools and cloud storage services. Additionally, when you remove a flash drive from your computer, click the "Eject" first.

FAQs

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